// For construction new question objects function question(answer, support, question, a, b, c, d) { this.answer = answer; this.support = support; this.question = question; this.a = a; this.b = b; this.c = c; this.d = d; return this; } // Questions for beekeeping 301 - Masters test // The array of questions, answers, options, and explanations var units = new Array( new question("d", "A queen can lay up to 2,000 eggs per day x 30 days equals 60,000 or more", "A strong colony of bees should contain how many individual bees?", "10,000", "30,000", "45,000", "60,000"), new question("b", "Drones develop from unfertilized eggs", "A drone has all of the following characteristics except?", "The head is large and the eyes predominate the head", "They develop from fertilized eggs", "A strong colony may have as many as 300 of them", "The drone is the male bee in the hive"), new question("d", "Honey production is ancient", "Which of the following is not a modern beekeeping technique?", "artificial insemination", "chemicals for mite control", "screened bottom boards", "honey production"), new question("c", "according to research, 10 feet", "Wild bees will build a nest in a tree about ____ feet above the ground?", "2", "5", "10", "15"), new question("a", "bees build wavy comb in nature", "Which of the following statements is false? A wild colony of bees will:", "build comb that is straight and perfect", "use propolis to reduce the opening to their nest", "will respect bee space", "will build comb vertical to the ground"), new question("a", "bees will build comb on foundation which is straight and enclosed in a frame", "Honey bees have been forced to adapt to being managed by man in the following way?", "by building comb within frames that can be removed from the hive", "by producing liquid honey", "by respecting the bee space discovered by Langstroth", "by living in a dry shelter"), new question("b", "bees will pull foundation quickest in the center of the brood nest", "Of the following, which is the best way to get new brood foundation drawn quickly", "above a queen excluder", "in the center of the brood chamber", "in a honey super on top of the hive", "in the brood chamber nearest to the walls of the hive body"), new question("d", "near water", "Which of the following will help prevent stress on a hive of bees?", "place the hive in full sun", "place the hive near a busy highway", "place the hive on an exposed hill top", "place the hive near a water source"), new question("a", "Ocelli are eyes", "Ocelli are _______.", "eyes", "antennae", "feet", "hairs"), new question("a", "smell", "The antannae of the honey bee serves two purposes, they are?", "touch and smell", "touch and hearing", "touch and seeing", "touch and taste"), new question("d", "TM-25", "TM-25 is used to treat not cure which of the following diseases?", "chalkbrood", "nosema", "varroa mites", "American foulbrood"), new question("c", "spores can exist in honey", "American foulbrood can be spread most likey by which of the following?", "sugar syrup", "queen cage candy", "honey", "water"), new question("c", "clean and sanitize equipment", "A beekeeper can reduce the chance of American foulbrood in his/her equipment by?", "interchanging frames between hives", "by always buying bees on drawn comb rather than package bees", "wash hive tool in a disinfectant", "gather only swarms"), new question("b", "AFB is spread by nurse bees feeding spores in honey/pollen to larvae", "American foulbrood is quickly spread by:?", "adult bees eating contaminated honey", "nurse bees feeding larvae with contaminated honey", "drone bees robbing honey from a hive with American foulbrood", "a beekeeper hiving a swarm from unknown source"), new question("d", "melted down coffee looking slime in a worker cell", "One sign of American foulbrood is:?", "a yellowish/tan larva that has died in the early larvae development", "a white chalk like mummy in a worker cell", "a larva curled up in a C shape", "a slimy looking mess with a coffee color in a worker cell"), new question("a", "chalkbrood", "Which disease is characterized as white to grey in color and is caused by a fungus?", "chalkbrood", "sacbrood", "European foulbrood", "PMS"), new question("c", "EFB is not ropy", "European foulbrood differs from American foulbrood in the following way:?", "caused by a bacterium", "has a distint sour smell", "is not ropy", "none of these"), new question("a", "nosema", "A disease that germinates in the gut of a honeybee is:?", "nosema", "PMS", "sacbrood", "chalkbrood"), new question("b", "tracheal mites", "Sugar and grease patties are used as treatment for:?", "nosema", "tracheal mites", "varroa mites", "none of these"), new question("c", "both were first detected in the mid 1980's", "Varroa and tracheal mites were first detected in the United States between :?", "1971 and 1975", "1976 and 1982", "1983 and 1988", "1989 and 1995"), new question("a", "Comercial products called Apistan and Checkmite +", "The two approved products to treat for Varroa mites are:?", "Apistan and Checkmite+", "Apistan and grease patties", "Apistan and TM-25", "Apistan and Fumidil B"), new question("b", "varroa mites often cause this deformity", "Which disease is associated with bees born with deformed wings?", "nosema", "varroa", "American foulbrood", "European foulbrood"), new question("a", "tracheal mites live in the bees air ways", "A disease characterized by having this in its air passage ways", "tracheal mite", "varroa mite", "ticks", "water"), new question("b", "The label on a package is a legal document", "The use of chemicals in a hive of honey bees is regulated by:?", "instructions provided by the seller", "the label of the product", "the way the beekeeper uses the product", "none of these"), new question("a", "The worst case is developing organisms resistant to legal chemicals", "One of the consequences of using chemicals is:", "the beekeeper could help develop an organism resistant to the chemical", "the honey bee could develop serious deformatives", "the beekeeper might become immune to chemicals used", "the beehive will be protected for a period of time against any disease"), new question("d", "fluvalinate is a chemical", "Of the following which is not a non chemical method of controlling pest and disease", "drone traps", "screened bottom board", "burning", "paper soaked in fluvalinate"), new question("a", "common law has many case based upon bees in a hive under the control of the beekeeper, once they leave, or claims are made by others, ownership can only be determined by a court of law", "In common law, as long as bees________ , they are his/hers.", "remain in a hive under the control of the beekeeper", "swarm into a tree on the neighbors property", "gather nectar, pollen and water from his residence or property", "located anywhere that he claims as his"), new question("b", "You may have bees in a populated area but you must guard against being negligent in raising them", "All of the following are negligence on the part of the beekeeper except..?", "to locate hives of bees where they may be expected to injure others", "to own a hive of bees in a populated area", "to move bees without protection to those along the route", "to know that you have agressive bees"), new question("b", "Rental of bees can be a tricky business with much misunderstanding, get agreement in writing", "A beekeeper should have a contract with another person regarding ...:?", "an visitor to your property who might be stung", "rental of bees for pollination", "liability to neighbors for bee stings", "selling honey"), new question("d", "Do what a reasonable person would with a hazzard --bees are like a swimming pool, fence it in and post signs of danger", "A good way to avoid a charge of negligent beekeeping is..?", "post no trespassing signs around your bee hives", "tell your neighbors to keep their kids away from your bees", "paint hives green so people don\'t notice them", "fence in your yard and post signs indicating danger of stinging insects"), new question("b", "registering a bee yard is not only wise but often required by law", "A responsibe beekeeper will...?", "challenge a bee inspectors ability to spot disease", "register bee yard if required by law", "hide bees in area so no one would inspect them", "refuse to treat for American foulbrood"), new question("c", "it should be the number of hives that survive a winter", "For the seasoned beekeeper, success is often measured by...?", "the number of swarms they produce in a season", "how many hives of bees they own", "the number of hives that survive the winter", "recognition by local bee club as mr. beekeeper"), new question("a", "it is important for litigation reasons", "The best reason to have your bees registered by the Dept. of Agriculture in your state is....?", "if you are involved in litigation you at least are not breaking the law by having bees", "if someone is looking to buy honey, they can find you easily", "you can find the names of other beekeepers who live near you", "you get free bee inspections"), new question("c", "It is the amount not required by the bees to survive", "Surplus honey is....?", "the total amount of honey produced by a hive of bees", "the total amount of honey not used by the bees for brood production", "the total amount of honey not required by the bees for survival", "none of these"), new question("d", "parthenogenesis explains haplid eggs becoming drones", "Dzierzon developed the theory of ________ which explains the development of drones from haploid unfertilized eggs.", "phlebotomy", "phenotype", "photogenic", "parthenogenesis"), new question("a", "When the queen pheromones are absent, the ovaries in some worker bees become active and they begin to lay unfertilized eggs", "A queen is absent from a hive for about four weeks, which of the following conditions will the beekeeper most likely find in the hive?", "some worker bees will become laying worker bees", "the bees will be attempting to raise a new queen from the old queens eggs", "the bees will abandon the hive, it will be empty", "small little queens which have not yet mated"), new question("a", "a drone has only the geneitic makeup of its mother. The mother came from a fertilized egg, so she had to have a father who is the drones grandfather.", "A drone has....?", "a mother only, no father", "a mother and a father", "a mother and father, but no grandfather", "no grandparents at all"), new question("d", "drones", "If a hive has either a drone laying queen or laying workers, which of the following will increase in population", "wax moths", "queens", "workers", "drones"), new question("b", "they will be difficult to requeen but it can be done", "If a hive has drone laying workers, the hive will....:", "accept any queen given to them", "be difficult to requeen", "reject any queen given to them", "raise a queen of their own"), new question("c", "The drone color can tell you if the queen is pure or not.", "You can tell a queen is cross bred between two separate races of bees by..?", "the queens color", "the workers color", "the drones color", "none of these"), new question("d", "A queen begins laying unfertilized eggs when her sperm is exausted", "A queen becomes a drone layer when...:", "she is no longer fed by the bees", "the queen loses either of her two front feet, which determines when she lays a fertilized or unfertilized egg", "she takes a second mating flight", "her sperm is exausted"), new question("d", "the queen does begin to lay eggs in January", "The following fact about bee development in winter is true, all others are false.", "the queen lays no eggs", "the queen begins to lay eggs only if the winter is mild", "the queen will lay eggs as long as there are enough bees to keep the cluster temperature in the 70 degree range", "the queen will lay eggs and the bees will keep temperatures in the cluster about 92 degrees"), new question("c", "the most likely time is late winter/early spring when brood rearing takes a great amount of stored honey", "Honey bees are more likely to starve....?", "in the fall", "during mid winter", "during late winter/early spring", "late summer"), new question("b", "long nights, short days--the corresponds with reduced pollen coming into the hive", "A queen usually stops laying eggs during a period of", "very cold weather", "long nights, short days", "long days, short nights", "during January/February"), new question("a", "removing a frame from a hive on a cold day", "Great damage could be done to a colony of bees, if during a very cold day the beekeeper would..:", "remove a frame of bees and brood from the hive", "move the hive to a new location", "add a hole 1/2 inch in a hive box for better ventilation", "wrap the hive with tar paper"), new question("c", "Only the cluster", "Honey bees generate heat during the winter. They use this heat to:", "heat the interior of the hive", "to heat the upper part of the hive because heat rises", "to keep the cluster warm, the cluster is round and insulated somewhat to retain the heat", "to heat only the area where there is honey so it can be liquified for winter use"), new question("d", "Granulated sugar used in several ways will work, liquid syrup is good when bees can get to it and take flights", "On a day with temperatures at -10 degrees, you find a colony on the verge of starvation. You need to feed it...:", "open the hive and place liquid syrup in a division board feeder located next to the wall of the hive", "Open the hive an place a bucket of liquid syrup over the inner cover hole", "place a boardman feeder in the hive", "open the hive and pour granulated sugar on the tops of frames above and around the cluster and add more on the inner cover near the hole"), new question("b", "honey may carry AFB spores to spread the disease", "A major reason for not feeding honey to bees is.. :", "it is too expensive", "it may spread AFB", "the bees might get excited and swarm", "it will give the bees diarrhea"), new question("d", "corn syrup is used because bees can use it without ill effects", "Which of the following can safely be used as bee feed?", "molasses", "maple syrup", "brown sugar", "corn syrup"), new question("a", "bees must have something they can chew through, paper works--cardboard may take too long", "What material is used when combining two hives?", "newspaper", "plastic", "wood", "cardboard"), new question("a", "kill the old queen", "To improve a hive with a poor queen, the best method is...:", "kill the old queen and replace her with a young queen", "add frames of brood to the hive every two weeks", "move the hive to a new location so she will do better", "add a queenless package of bees to the hive"), new question("a", "The weak hive will gain strenght immediately with new bees from the strong hive", "To make a weak colony stronger, you might ...", "remove a strong hive from its stand and place the weak colony in its place", "move the colony to a new location with better nectar sources, closer to water, and less stress from other bees", "kill the queen and requeen with a young queen", "do nothing, let mother nature handle the situation"), new question("d", "When bees form a ball around a queen most likely killing her in the process", "Balled is a beekeeping term used to describe...?", "an attack on an animal such as a cow or horse that gets too close to a hive", "a term used to describe wrapping a hive for winter", "a term to describe a piece of bee equipment", "none of these"), new question("d", "It is true that two queens might exist and usually in supercedure situations", "Two queens can exist in a colony at the same time", "true and as a matter of fact quite common", "false, never occurs", "true but only when virgin queens are present", "true,but only rarely and usually in the case of supercedure of the old queen -- mother and daughter might exist for some time "), new question("b", "most experts say, one frame of honey and one frame of pollen", "It takes ____ frames of honey and ____ frames of pollen to produce one frame of brood.", "one half and one half", "one and one", "one half and one", "one and one half"), new question("c", "strong bee population", "An old but true beekeeping saying is, it takes a lot of ____________ to produce a large honey crop", "pollen plants", "water", "bees", "rain"), new question("b", "the only way to be sure is to put it under a microscope and examine the pollen grains", "An objective way to determine the source of a particular kind of honey is...:", "the honey must be coming from plants in bloom, you will need to identify what is in bloom", "put the honey under a microscope to see what pollen grains are in the honey", "check the description of the honey -- taste and color -- against what one finds in the current bee literature", "just call it wildflower honey"), new question("c", "Get the bees ready for the honey crop", "The major purpose of spring management is...:", "to make sure the bees are alive after a long winter", "to repair hives, clean bottom boards, etc.", "to help each hive build up rapidly so they are in a position to harvest a surplus of honey", "to replace all queens"), new question("b", "most likely wax moth will destroy the comb", "If you have only one hive of bees and it dies during the winter, which is the most likely to happen to the hive if no bees are put into the hive for the upcoming season?", "a swarm will find the hive, enter and make a new home", "wax moth will destroy the wax comb in the hive before next year", "the hive will be okay if mice are kept out", "the equipment will have to be destroyed because bees will reject the equipment in the future"), new question("a", "brood dies because it got cold", "What is meant by chilled brood?", "brood gets chilled because there are not enough bees to cover it, when the beekeeper makes a split and the brood dies.", "the brood gets chilled by cold weather but not because there are not enough bees to cover the brood", "It is brood chilled by cool temperatures but the brood does not die but it may delay bee development", "none of these"), new question("b", "It may be too cold and not enough bees are in the hive to cover all the brood", "One problem with making a split too early in the spring is...:", "you can not purchase mated queens", "you may not have enough bees to cover all the transferred brood in the new hive", "the hive may develop so fast that it is likely to swarm before the honey flow", "the new bees will not accept a new queen that early"), new question("d", "will build new queen cells and unless these are removed will reject any new queen introduced to them", "If left without a queen for more than two days, the bees in a newly split hive will...:", "reject any new queen given to them even if the beekeeper cuts all queen cells in the hive", "will try to raise new queens called supercedure queens", "will readly accept any new queen given to them even if queen cells are present in the hive", "will try to raise new queens called emergency queens"), new question("a", "The prime swarm will include worker bees, the old queen and some drones", "A prime swarm is made up of.....:", "worker bees, some drones, and the old queen", "made up of worker bees, some drones and one of the new queens just raised", "made up of no drones but many worker bees and a new queen", "made up of worker bees, drones and virgin queens"), new question("c", "the queen tries to stay with the swarm but does not lead it and if she is lost, the bees return to the hive rather than continue on", "When a swarm leaves the hive, the queen...:", "is the first to leave and the bees follow", "is the last to leave and follows the bees", "is not first out but joins the exodus from the hive and if she is lost the bees will return to the hive", "will join in the exodus from the hive and lead the swarm to the new nesting site"), new question("d", "the last item has nothing to do with swarming", "All of the following are signs that a hive of honey bees are about to swarm except...:", "as many as 20 or more queen cells are found near the bottom of many frames", "many bees will be hanging from the bottom board and cover much of the front of the hive body", "under the inner cover the bees have build huge amounts of burr comb filled with honey and many bees are hanging on the outside of the hive", "bees are entering the hive with no pollen in their pollen baskets"), new question("a", "During spring it may be almost impossible to get to by this path", "If you were locating your bees in a new beeyard, you would consider all of the following to be good except", "the path to the beeyard is grassy and crosses a small stream", "there is good shade for part of the day", "a field of clover is next to the beeyard", "water is nearby"), new question("d", "the last item has nothing to do with marking a queen", "A reason to mark a queen is true in all but one of these examples", "So the beekeeper can find her easy", "so the beekeeper knows how old the queen is", "so the beekeeper knows if the bees replace the marked queen", "so the beekeeper does not have to locate the queen every time the hive is opened"), new question("a", "an accepted practice is to mark or clip the wings of a queen to identify her later", "A beekeeper can check to see if a new queen has been superceded by", "marking the queen with a dot of paint when she is introduced into the hive", "mark the hive and check for supercedure cells", "keep good records", "look for eggs that are laid on the side of the cell wall"), new question("a", "All queens with slow down laying eggs and quit altogether in late fall", "All of the following are valid reasons for replacing a queen, except...:", "the queen quits laying eggs in November", "the queen is not laying a uniform brood pattern", "the queen is producing very agressive bees", "you want to replace one queen with a new queen of another race"), new question("b", "yellow", "The international standard bee marking color for 2002 is:?", "white", "yellow", "red", "green"), new question("d", "you do not need to find the queen, eggs indicate she is laying", "A queen is successfully released from her queen cage if..:", "the cage is empty", "new queen cells are being built in the hive", "the bees seem very agitated", "you see eggs in worker cells"), new question("d", "none of these", "A beekeeper using the Miller Method of raising queens must learn to...:", "graft eggs into cell cups", "graft larva into cell cups", "use a small cage in which the queen is placed and remove small plastic cups to place in a queen cell builder hive", "none of these"), new question("b", "The development time is 16 days", "Queens develop from egg to emerging adult virgin queen in_____ days", "10", "16", "21", "24"), new question("a", "research indicates that empty supers encourage bees to hord and gather more honey", "A lazy beekeeper puts all of his four supers on the bees in the spring of the year. Which statement is true?", "Empty supers encourage the bees to gather more honey", "This is called bottom supering", "The bees will fill one super at a time until all are done", "All heat in the brood chamber will be lost to the empty space above"), new question("c", "they will move upward in the center of each super before filling the outside frames", "If all honey supers are placed on a hive at one time, the bees will...:", "start putting honey in the upper box first", "will be discouraged altogether and most likely swarm", "will store the honey in chimney fashion -fill only a portion of each super", "none of these"), new question("c", "The most important thing to consider when buying an existing hive/hives is have they been inspected for American Foulbrood.", "When buying a hive of bees, the most important consideration should be?", "cost", "condition of equipment", "has it been inspected for disease", "does it have a young queen"), new question("a", "A nuc is a small hive of bees with a good head start over a package of bees", "A nuc has the following characteristics?", "It has a laying queen, brood, and a work force of nurse and field bees", "It will not have a disease problem because comb is include in the nuc box", "It will develop somewhat slower than a package", "It will decline in population when transferred to a full hive"), new question("d", "You must not create an act which is negligent. You have placed you neighbor in harms way. You would be liable for any problems he had with your bees such as mowing his yard!", "Where is the very worst place to locate a hive of bees?", "facing in a southwestern direction", "Under a shade tree", "Near shrubs that block their flight path", "On your lot-line facing the neighbors yard"), new question("d", "Normally in about 20 days", "A honey bee leaves the hive about___ days after emerging from her cell?", "10", "12", "15", "20"), new question("c", "You have just observed a swarm leaving the hive", "You see a large number of bees tumbling out of the hive and then taking to the air almost like a cloud. What have you observed?", "An exodus of all the bees in the hive seeking a better home", "The mating flight of a new queen", "a swarm as it leaves the hive", "a super nova"), new question("b", "The bees will return to the old location.", "If you move a hive of bees from one location in your yard to another location 20 yards away, you can expect the bees to:", "Immediately search out the new location and behave as if nothing has changed", "Return to find the hive not in the expected location and settle either on the ground or seek out a nearby tree limb", "fly away not to return", "die of starvation because they have no where to go"), new question("d", "If a person is having difficulity breathing after being stung, they should be rushed to the nearest hospital", "A dangerous situation exist if the person stung by a bee begins to?", "has pain in the area of the sting", "has swelling in the area of the sting", "shows great discomfort such as complaining about the pain", "has difficulity breathing"), new question("b", "A temporary treatment might be to take Benadryl", "The over the counter medication that can be taken to reduce the reaction to bee stings is:?", "Asprin", "Benadryl", "a hot pack", "vitamins C, E & beta carotene"), new question("b", "A virgin queen can lay eggs but they are unfertilized", "A virgin queen can..?", "not lay any eggs", "lay only unfertilized eggs", "lay both fertilized and unfertilized eggs", "will lay eggs that are not going to develop into any bees"), new question("c", "According to the experts, queens mate up to 20 times.", "A queen usually mates with ___ drones.", "only one", "two to ten", "up to 20", "up to 60"), new question("a", "Queens are specialized egg laying machines they don't feed larva", "Queens and worker bees are alike except:?", "both feed young larva", "both can lay eggs", "both have a stinger", "both develop from fertilized eggs"), new question("a", "A drone is produced from an unfertilized egg", "Which of the following is not produced from a fertilized egg?", "drone larva", "worker larva", "queen larva", "a worker bee"), new question("a", "Queens are specialized egg laying machines they don't feed larva", "Queens and worker bees are alike except:?", "both feed young larva", "both can lay eggs", "both have a stinger", "both develop from fertilized eggs"), new question("a", "A drone is produced from an unfertilized egg", "Which of the following is not produced from a fertilized egg?", "drone larva", "worker larva", "queen larva", "a worker bee"), new question("c", "Honey bees do not eat other insects", "The following applies to all honey bees except..", "their bodies are covered with body hairs", "they have special body hairs for carrying pollen", "they sometimes forage and eat other insects", "they use pollen and nectar from plants as their sole source of food"), new question("b", "all insects have three pairs of legs", "An insect has all the following characteristics except?", "three body parts", "four pairs of legs", "one pair of antennae", "one or two pairs of wings"), new question("b", "To avoid your neighbors rath, avoid working your bees while they are outside", "Which of the following would be the worst time to work a hive of bees", "on a Saturday when no one is around", "when the neighbors are having a party in their yard", "when you feel like it, it is your business not anyone elses", "just before dark while you can still see"), new question("b", "By replacing the queen you change the genetic characteristics of the bees", "A hive that has mean - very mean bees - can be changed. How?", "You can\'t.", "kill the old queen and replace her with a queen from gentle stock", "move the hive to a new location", "smoke the bees with a lot of smoke"), new question("a", "By giving a package of bees drawn comb, they will not have to work as hard building new wax comb", "A package of bees will develop faster if they are given:?", "drawn comb + syrup for feed", "new foundation + syrup for feed", "new foundation + syrup + pollen substitute", "a second queen to lay more eggs and therefore produce more bees"), new question("d", "All packages should have a mated queen ready to lay eggs", "Queens shipped with a package of honey bees is:?", "is superceded about 50 percent of the time", "is the mother of all the bees in the package she is shipped with", "is a virgin queen that will need to mate before she can lay eggs", "is a mated queen that will be able to lay eggs immediately after being released from her queen cage by bees unrelated to her"), new question("a", "It would prevent the bees from drifting or leaving the new hive", "Installing a package of bees in the late afternoon helps prevent", "drifting", "swarming", "supercedure", "queen loss"), new question("d", "Bees in a package will need food to survive", "One thing you will not do when handling a package of bees", "add sugar syrup on the outside screen wire", "keep them cool", "keep them in a dark place", "remove the syrup can from the package 12 hours before you are to install the package in a hive"), new question("c", "Wax is used for many things but not for making mead which is honey wine", "Bees wax is used to make all of the following except:?", "candles", "cosmetics", "mead", "high quality waxes"), new question("d", "148 degrees F.", "Wax melts at the following temperature F.", "128 degrees", "132 degrees", "142 degrees", "None of these"), new question("a", "Bees wax is light and will float to the surface of honey or water", "When bees wax is melted it will ....?", "rise to the top of a container containing water and honey", "sink to the bottom of the container with water and honey", "float above the water but not the honey", "None of these"), new question("c", "Honey bees do not hibernate", "During the coldest part of winter, honey bees will...", "hibernate", "swarm", "produce a little brood", "none of these"), new question("c", "18 percent.", "Fermentation is a common problem for beekeepers processing liquid honey if the honey contains more than ___ percent moisture", "14%", "16%", "18%", "100%"), new question("a", "Do not expose honey supers in the open for bees to rob", "Of the following which is not an accepted way to get bees out of a honey super?", "Set the open honey super in a shaddy location so the bees can fly back to their hive", "use a bee brush to brush the bees off individual frames of honey", "use a chemical such as honey robber", "use a bee escape below a honey super"), new question("a", "Any time you add something to honey you have adultered it!", "If you add corn syrup to honey it is called..?", "adultered honey", "enriched honey", "grade B honey", "grade C honey"), new question("a", "Pollen plants generally produce pollen but not much nectar", "Of the following, which has little to do with bees producing a good honey crop.. :?", "pollen plants", "favorable weather", "bee population of the hive", "too many hives of bees in a resticted area of honey producing plants"), new question("c", "It should send a signal that disease might be present -- AFB possible", "If you observe this, it should tell you something is wrong with the hive of bees", "a lot of eggs in cells", "bees are drawning out a lot of new comb", "you see a dark liquid gluey substance in a cell", "you notice a yellow jacket trying to enter the hive while you examine the hive"), new question("a", "it needs to be done before the bees fill the top super with honey", "If adding one honey super at a time, the next honey super must be added when...:", "the current top super is 3/4 full of capped honey", "when bees seem eager to come up into the box on top", "only when the top honey super is completely filled with honey", "at the end of the honey flow"), new question("a", "comb honey must not have any brood in it.", "A queen excluder is required if the beekeeper is producing....:", "comb honey", "extracted honey", "creamed honey", "chunk honey"), new question("a", "a healthy hive conditions always allow room for the queen to lay eggs rather than bees forced to story honey in them", "A honey bound hive is...:", "a hive in which the bees are storing honey in what should be brood cells", "a hive that has filled every honey super placed on it", "a hive that has produced a surplus of honey", "a hive that has had no honey removed from it by the beekeeper"), new question("c", "The adult bees often never make it back to the hive", "The most common pesticide kills are to:", "young larva fed poisoned pollen", "young worker bees that are nurse bees", "adult foraging bees", "both a and b"), new question("a", "pesticides most likely", "If a honey bee is experiencing problems such as flying, walking or remaining upright, the beekeeper should suspect:", "pesticides", "mites", "skunks", "hive beetles"), new question("b", "Bees will not usually rob during a strong honey/nectar flow", "Usually during a strong nectar flow, honey bees will not be tempted to..:", "raise brood", "rob", "swarm", "store honey"), new question("d", "coversion of nectar to honey is both a chemical and physical change", "The conversion of nectar to honey involves....:", "a chemical change", "a physical change", "a reduction in moisture content of water", "both a and b"), new question("a", "3%", "The percent of substances in honey that make up the characteristic flavor, smell and color of a certain honey is about ______ %.", "3", "6", "10", "12"), new question("d", "If honey contains sucrose it has been adultered", "Honey is composed of the following:...", "water, sucrose, glucose, fructrose and small amt. of other substances", "water, sucrose, glucose and other small amt. of other substances", "water, sucrose, fructose and other small amt. of other substances", "water, glucose, fructose and other small amt. of other substances"), new question("b", "Honey will absorb moisture if exposed to it, thus causing the honey to spoil", "Honey is hydroscopic. This means that honey will...", "granulate", "absorb moisture", "last for a long period of time as pure as when it was produced by the bees", "can be used to produce creamed honey with additional fruits added for flavoring"), new question("d", "it is used to drive bees from the honey supers with BEE Go or Honey Robber", "A fume board is used to...:", "protect bees against four legged pest", "protect bees against two legged pest", "kill weeds in front of a hive", "a cover used to remove bees from a honey super"), new question("c", "basswood is a light fine grained wood that is excellent for manufacturing section boxes", "Traditional comb honey section boxes are made from...:", "walnut", "plastic", "basswood", "pine"), new question("c", "It is extracting honey from comb that has made commercial beekeeping profitable", "The process of removing honey from comb by centrifugal force is...", "uncapping", "reversing", "extracting", "solarization"), new question("a", "true", "Pollen is the male germ cell of flowering plants", "yes", "no", "void", "void"), new question("a", "two words", "According to the Committee on Common Names of Insects of the Entomological Society of America, the proper way to spell the name for bees that collect nectar/honey is:", "honey bee", "honey-bee", "honeybee", "bee"), new question("b", "American foulbrood spores can not be killed without destroying the quality of the honey", "All of the following are valid reasons for heating honey except:?", "to help it flow better", "to kill American foulbrood spores in the honey", "to kill yeast in the honey", "to liquify granulated honey"), new question("d", "of these things, only protection from the wind is correct", "What are the things a beekeeper can do to help bees survive through the winter", "remove all the honey", "split a hive just before winter", "close all openings into the hive", "provide adequate protection from the wind"), new question("d", "Queens can lay fertilized eggs if they are in an American foulbrood hive", "The following conditions will result in a queen becoming a drone layer except?", "She fails to mate", "Her supply of sperm is depleted", "She has American Foulbrood", "She has physiological problems"), new question("b", "Absolutely do not put combs in a dark place which is warm", "Which of the following will not control wax moths?", "Maintain strong colonies of bees", "Store in dark warm area without light", "Paradichlorobenzene", "Hold combs in a cold room"), new question("b", "Between 3,500 and 4,000 bees- depends on the amount of honey they have in the honey sac", "A pound of honey bees has approximately _____ bees in it.", "2,500", "3,500", "5,500", "10,000"), new question("d", "90 according to USDA figures released in 2002", "The chief value of the beekeeping industry to the U.S. economy is pollination. There are over _____ commercial crops pollinated by honey bees.", "25", "40", "60", "90"), new question("a", "$14.6 billion per year -This question is inserted because a master beekeeper should have some idea of the impact of bees on the U.S. economy", "The value from the pollination to agricultural output in the U.S. is valued at _____ by the USDA in 2001", "$14.6 billion", "20.1 billion", "25.6 billion", "27.9 billion"), new question("b", "Arizona and California are stopping all shipments of bees to check for fire ants ", "The fire ant is well established in the Southeastern U.S. What area is now being threatened and has established check points to inspect shipments of bees for the presence of fire ants?", "Ohio, Pennsylvania & New York", "Arizona and California", "North and South Dakota", "Oklahoma and Texas"), new question("d", "The abdomen - What a worker is scent fanning, the abdomen is positioned up to expose the membrane that secretion is emitted from", "The scent or Nassanoff gland is found on the worker\'s: ", "head", "antennae", "legs", "abdomen"), new question("a", "Something big like a bear", "You find a hive is knocked over, brood frames are scattered around the bee yard and most comb is eaten out of the frames. This was most likely caused by: ", "bears", "skunks", "ratcoons", "mice"), new question("b", "Wax Moths", "Examination of a brood frames shows a series of tunnels lined with silken webs going through the cell wall. This is caused by: ", "Ants", "wax moths", "yellow jackets", "small hive beetles"), new question("c", "skunks will do this as well as muddy the front of a hive", "You find a hive with scratch marks on the front of the hive and a bare spot in front of the hive as well as some piles of chewed up bee parts. This was caused by:", "Ants", "mice", "skunks", "groundhogs"), new question("b", "Refractometers are common in the honey industry to check for moisture levels in honey or soluable solids. ", "A device used to measure the moisture content or soluable solids of honey is ______. ", "Pfund Grader", "Refractometer", "Polariscope", "hydrometer and polariscope"), new question("d", "The anther", "The male part of the flower where pollen is produced is known as the: ", "stigma", "ovule", "style", "anther"), new question("a", "States control inspection through laws pass by the states and enforced by Departments of Agriculture", "Apiary inspection and laws are under the jurisdiction of the: ", "Individual State Departments of Agriculture", "Environmental Protection Agency", "Apiary Inspectors of America", "none of these"), new question("c", "At least 4 weeks = to one month", "Terramycin feeding should stop at least _____ before a surplus honey flow is expected", "one day", "one week", "one month", "one year"), new question("d", "Bumble Bees", "You find a nest with the following characteristics. A nest built in the ground in an abandoned mouse den. The nest is composed of straw, chaff, etc. and includes something that look like round balls. This is a ______ nest.", "Carpenter bee", "Baldfaced Hornets", "blue orchard bees", "bumble bees"), new question("a", "12 days but usually within two weeks", "Drone honey bees become sexually mature in _____ days ", "12", "20", "25", "none are correct because a drone is immediately mature and capable of mating"), new question("b", "Pollen is necessary because it provides the hive with its requirements of proteins, minerals, vitamins and fats", "Pollen is the bee\'s natural source of: ", "carbohydrates and proteins", "proteins, minerals, vitamins and fats", "nectar", "proteins only"), new question("a", "hear sound but feels vibrations caused by sound", "A honey bee can not_______. Complete with the true statement.", "perceive airborne sound", "communicate with each other", "detect a strange pheremone", "produce royal jelly"), new question("d", "Actual figure was over 221,000,000 as determined by the National Agricultural Statistics Board", "The amount of honey produced in the United States according to the National Honey Board in 2000 was more than _________ pounds. ", "150,000,000", "179,000,000", "201,000,000", "220,000,000"), new question("b", "1956 for experimental purposes but they escaped quite by accident", "Africanized bees were first introduced into Brazil in: ", "1946", "1956", "1966", "1976"), new question("a", "All female honey bees have 32 chromosomes but a male has only 16 or is haploid and has the identical genetic make-up of his mother", "A hapliod drone has_______ chromosomes and all sperm produced by the drone is genetically identical. ", "16", "24", "28", "32"), new question("b", "55 degrees F. - Honey bees will become active on a sunny day when the heat of the sun warms the front of the hive and they will fly. ", "The minimum air temperature for active foraging by a honey bee is approximately _____ degrees F. ", "45", "55", "60", "65"), new question("b", "40 to 50 perccent moisture", "The humidity in a hive of honey bees under normal conditions is maintained at _____ per cent. ", " 20 to 30", "40 to 50 ", "60 to 70", "75 to 80"), new question("a", "True - changing environmental temperatures affect how honey bees react", "The size of the winter cluster expands and contracts in relation to changes in outside temperatures. ", "True", "False", "void", "void"), new question("d", "12 pounds", "The weight of honey varies slightly with moisture content; one gallon of honey will weigh approximately ____ pounds. ", "5", "7", " 9", "12"), new question("b", "60 degrees F.", "Colonies should not be torn apart and thoroughly inspected in the spring until temperatures are at least_____ degrees F.: ", "50", "60", "70", "75"), new question("a", "It is true -- this is why it is difficult to introduce a new queen to the hive with a laying worker. ", "Laying worker bees are able to lay eggs and produce queen substance 9-oxodecenoic acid. ", "True", "False", "void", "void"), new question("a", "Varroa jacobsoni was miss-identified and is now recognized as Varroa destructor. ", "What was known as Varroa jacobsoni when first identified in the United States is now known as: ", "Varroa destructor ", "Varroa externus", "Varroa scutellata", "Varroa internist"), new question("d", "Maples and Willows are early blooming trees and produce prodigious amounts of pollen and some nectar ", "Of the following trees, which is useful for early spring colony development? ", "Sourwood", "Tupelo", "Basswood", "Willow"), new question("d", "They begin life by cleaning cells", "Division of labor dictates what a young worker bee will be doing at a given age. Of the tasks listed, which would be the first task/job a young bee would do? ", "Tending to the queen", "Guard duty at the front entrance", "Building comb", "cleaning the bottoms of cells"), new question("d", "By apparent nervousness, aggressiveness and increased walking throughout the colony", "The first observed change in worker bees behavior when the queen is lost is: ", "the production of emergency queen cells", "the production of a roaring sound", "increased scenting behavior", "apparent nerousness, and increased walking and running within the hive and brood nest."), new question("d", "Honeydew honey is not considered a good honey but it is desired by some. It comes from sticky sweet secretions of aphids.", "Honey dew is mentioned in bee literature as a type of honey. The bees gather honey dew from: ", "floral nectaries", "the morning dew on the ground", "plant resins", "secretions of plant feeding insects such as aphids"), new question("b", " Almonds, hands down. This is a major crop in California and requires more bees than any other crop grown in the U.S. ", "The U.S. crop that rents the largest number of honey bees each year is: ", "alfalfa", "almonds", "pickles/cucumbers", "apples"), new question("d", "maybe as many as 3000 visits. I don't know who did the counting but that is what the scientist say! ", "Larvae have simple mouth parts which lap up large quantities of food. It take _____ visits by adult bees to supply adequate food supplies during the larval growth period. ", "50 to 100", "around 500", "somewhere between 1000 to 1500", "more than 2500"), new question("a", "the very worst disease is American foulbrood and is spread on comb, equipment, honey and is very contagious", "The killing of colonies and burning equipment is often used for the control of ______________. ", "American foulbrood", "Bee paralysis", "Chalkbrood", "Varroa destructor"), new question("b", "13 days three days as egg and 13 days development before emerging from the cell ", "Young queens emerge from their cells in approximately ____ days after they hatch from the egg. ", "16", "13", "11", "8"), new question("c", "California", "The state renting the largest number of bees for pollination each year is_______. ", "Ohio", "Maine", "California", "Florida"), new question("c", "Helps in the removal of honey supers by placing something like BeeGo on the fume board to drive bees down and out of the honey super", "Fume boards are used to: ", "protect stored combs against wax moths", "treat colonies with varroa mites", "remove bees from honey supers", "kill diseased colonies"), new question("a", "1 to 2 days old", "Adult honey bee workers and queens are most susceptible to tracheal mites when they are: ", "1 to 2 days old", "4 to 5 days old", "7 to 8 days old", "10 to 11 days old"), new question("d", "We know of no chemical treatment for chalkbrood. Requeen the hive is the best course of action.", "If a colony is suffering from chalkbrood, it is recommended that you treat as follows: ", "treat the hive with Terramycin", "Use Apistan strips", "feed the colony sugar syrup medicated with fumigillin", "requeen the hive"), new question("b", "3.9 range", "The average pH of honey is: ", "1.2", "3.9", "5.4", "8.3"), new question("b", "1990", "The Africanized honey bee first entered the United States by natural migration from Mexico in: ", "1988", "1990", "1993","1995"), new question("b", "Reported in Feb. 2002 issue of Bee Culture Magazine - Greenville, South Carolina ", "The latest report of African Honey Bees to spread outside Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California is a confirmed sample by the USDA of a swarm in the wing of an airplane in:", "Georgia", "South Carolina ", "New Jersey", "Missouri"), new question("c", "eggs hatch in three days so the answer is three days if there are still eggs in the hive. ", "A colony that has a good brood pattern with brood in all stages, particularly eggs, has a queen which has been there within the last ____ days. ", "1", "2", "3", "4"), new question("d", "Starvation is most likely. ", "If you find dead bees with their heads inserted into cells during your spring inspection, the most probable cause of their death is: ", "nosema disease", "pesticide poisoning", "dysentery", "starvation"), new question("a", "red", "Honey bees can see all of the following colors except:", "red", "green", "yellow", "Ultraviolet"), new question("b", "Answer= 3 days as egg, 2 days as larva = 5 days - 16 days for total development = 11 days ", "If under the emergency impules, the bees construct a queen cell around a 48 hour old larva withing a worker cell, the queen will emerge from her cell in ___ days. ", "10", "11", "13", "16"), new question("d", "according to the experts, 25 miles per hour winds + ", "Winds in excess of ____ mph will cause foraging honey bees to stop flying. ", "10", "15", "18", "25"), new question("d", "Honey stomach (crop)", "Nectar is temporarily stored and transported back to the hive in the worker\'s: ", "malpighian tubules", "midgut", "salivary glands", "Honey stomach (crop)"), new question("b", "5 to 6", "A full depth frame that is filled with honey will contain ___ pounds of food. ", "3 to 4", "5 to 6", "6 to 7", "none of these"), new question("a", "52 degrees F. ", "Yeasts that cause honey to ferment will not grow at temperatures below: ", "52 degrees F.", "57 degrees F.", "61 degrees F.", "70 degrees F."), new question("a", "Place the comb honey in a cold environment- don't expose to warm dark places or contaminate it with chemicals ", "If you have some comb honey for human consumption, the best way to treat it for prevention of wax moth damage is: ", "place the comb in a refrigerator or freezer", "place the comb in a dark warm room", "to treat comb with Naphthalene.", "use Paradichlorobenzene crystals separated from the honey by newspaper"), new question("c", "Buckwheat", "The following honey crop produces a dark rather strong tasting honey ", "golden rod", "sweet clover", "buckwheat", "black locust"), new question("d", "According to The Hive and the Honey Bee it is 160 degrees F. Honey can be heated to 160 degrees and then cooled rapidly with out noticable damage. ", "Heating honey to _____ degrees F.and holding it at that temperature for 10 minutes will cause heat damage to the honey such as changing color, taste and causing some caramelization ", "120 degrees F.", "148 degrees F.", "151 degrees F.", "160 degrees F."), new question("c", "less of everything. The hive with a population of 60,000 will have a higher ratio of workers capable of gathering a honey and pollen crop than the two 30,000 population hives.", "Two colonies with populations of about 30,000 bees each will collect _______ than one hive with 60,000 bees. ", "more honey and pollen", "about the same amount of honey and pollen", "less honey and pollen", "more honey but less pollen"), new question("d", "being a guard bee", "The last in hive duty assumed by a young worker bee before foraging in the field is: ", "receiving nectar", "feeding larva", "building comb", "guarding the entrance"), new question("b", "a fly", "A bee louse -Braula coeca -- is a: ", "beetle", "fly", "mite", "parasitic wasp"), new question("b", "low melting waxes that migrate to the surface", "Wax bloom found on the surface of beeswax is: ", "a fungal growth", "low melting waxes that migrate to the surface", "a deposit of yeast cells", "a mold that lives and develops on waxd"), new question("a", "Stigma ", "The floral structure that receives compatible pollen grains in order to achieve successful pollination is called the __________. ", "stigma", "anther", "Stamen", "Filament"), new question("a", "Karl von Frisch", "___________ is given credit for discovering the honey bee dance language. ", "Karl von Frisch", "Edgar Dugas", "Joseph von Burns", "Edward Bevan"), new question("b", "approximately 20 days or three weeks", "If a virgin queen does not mate within _____ weeks, she will lose the urge to mate and lay unfertilized eggs. ", "2", "3", "4", "5"), new question("a", "E.J Dyce of Cornell University. It is called the Dyce process. ", "________ developed the process for making creamed honey. ", "E.J. Dyce", "Darl Stoller", "Roger Morse", "W.L. Coggshall"), new question("c", "Honey cappings are lighter in color, flatter than brood cappings and somewhat wrinkled ", "The cappings on honey cells are____________ than worker brood cappings. ", "darker and flatter", "domed shape and smooth", "lighter -- flatter and slightly wrinkled", "lighter --domed shaped and very smooth"), new question("c", "Brood must be covered the bees to keep the temperature of the brood nest warm. Thus the queen lays in a circular pattern. ", "Good queens lay _________ . ", "eggs of brood of a similar age in widely separated cells", "eggs of similar age in cells closely together starting at the top and moving to the bottom of the frame", "eggs of a similar age grouped together in a solid pattern with the queen laying eggs in a circular pattern", "eggs in a shotgun pattern"), new question("b", "Herbicides for the most part are relatively nontoxic to honey bees. They are used to kill attractive plants the bees use to forage for pollen and nectar. ", "Herbicides effect honey bees by ___________ ", "being very toxic to them", "killing plants the bee might forage nectar from", "contaminating honey from plants sprayed with the herbicide", "brood kills by being fed contamined pollen to developing larvae"), new question("c", "The question did not say absolutely safe. Field studies have shown that distance affords protection. The answer is one mile for fairly safe. ", "If a field is sprayed with an insecticide in the late afternoon, honey bees located ______ from the field would be fairly safe from an insecticide kill. ", "1/4 mile", "1/2 mile", "1 mile", "none of these"), new question("b", "Honey in storage typically darkens in color. The rate in which honey darkens is related to the temperature while the honey is in storage. ", "The rate that honey will darken in storage is determined by: ", "exposure to light", "storage temperature", "amount of enzymes in honey", "mineral content of the honey"), new question("c", "Drones take 24 days to develop. All egg stages are 3 days regardless of sex. Thus, a higher number of mites will reach maturity in drone cells. ", "The success of varroa mite reproduction in drone cells is the result of: ", "large cell size", "length of egg development", "length of larva/pupae development", "length of adult life span"), new question("a", "Slatted rack. ", "Dr. Miller used a ____________ to reduce the swarming impulse in the spring by spreading out the colony population. It provided more room for the bees. ", "slatted rack", "screen bottom board", "queen excluder", "Miller feeder"), new question("d", "The open hive will attract robber bees. Bees are not attracted to pollen. A few will visit but do not develop into a feeding frenzy.", "A beekeeper can encourage robbing by honey bees if he/she _____________. ", "sits a super in the bee yard that contains pollen while a good nectar flow is on", "sits a super that contains cells filled with pollen but no honey in the bee yard during a period of no nectar flow", "uses Bee Go to get bees out of a hive", "has a hive of bees open too long during a period of no nectar flow"), new question("b", "This is not normal. Something is wrong with the nutritional condition of a colony. ", "If a hive has a number of drone larvae pulled from cells and laying on the bottom board or front entrance to the hive, the beekeeper can suspect: ", "the bees are crowded and need room for honey storage", "something is wrong with the nutritional condition of the colony", "winter has arrived and the drones are no longer needed", "this is a natural process that happens occasionally"), new question("c", "usually between 2 to 4", "Drone mating flights occur usually: ", "in the morning as temperatures are warming up 9 to 11 ", "just before noon or a little after 11 to 1", "2 to 4 in the afternoon", "usually late in the afternoon after 4:30"), new question("b", "It is found world wide where ever Apis mellifera is found. ", "American foulbrood is found only in Europe and North America. ", "true", "false", "void", "void"), new question("c", "It is not uncommon for a package of bees to drift away from the site where they were installed to another hive of bees with a queen ", "Drifting honey bees are more likely to drift from: ", "a strong hive to a weak hive", "a queen-right hive to a queenless hive", "a newly installed package to a queenright hive", "a strong hive to an empty hive body"), new question("b", "Released from the receptacle for storage of semen - the spermatheca. ", "During the fertilization of an egg by the queen, sperm are released from the: ", "micropyle of the egg", "the spermatheca", "the chorion", "the ovaries"), new question("a", "true - however, mated queens must be raised when drones are also present ", "Queens can be raised anytime worker bees are raised. ", "true", "false", "void", "void"), new question("b", "if moved in before the crop blooms, bees will lock in on other attractive floral plants, if moved in after much of the crop is in bloom, the primary blossom which produces the choice fruit might be missed. ", "Honey bee colonies should be moved into a crop to be pollinated when: ", "a week before the crop begins to bloom", "at the start of flowering of the crop", "after 25 percent of the crop is in bloom", "after 50 percent of the crop is in bloom"), new question("c", "beeswax shrinks about 10%. Bees wax will often have cracks in cakes and must be cooled very slowly if one is trying to get perfect molds of bees wax ", "When beeswax solidifies from the liquid state it: ", "expands about 10%", "remains constant in volume", "shrinks about 10%", "gains weight regardless of volume"), new question("d", "beeswax allowed to cool slowly to room temperature will show bloom within a few month. Wax that is forced to cool quickly may take a year and a half to show bloom. ", "Bloom on beeswax: ", "is caused by fermentation of diluted honey in wax refuse", "is caused by wax that is cooled too rapidly", "is caused by microorganisms that attack beewax in storage", "is caused by allowing wax to cool slowly"), new question("d", "wax is secreted by epidermal galands on the workers abdomen- all other choices are gathered by the honey bee", "A product manufactured by honey bees themselves is: ", "pollen", "nectar", "propolis", "wax"), new question("a", "a bee escape. Bees try to get to the cluster in the brood nest to keep warm ", "Which method of honey super removal works best on cold or cool nights ", "bee escapes of various designs", "butric anhydride", "smoke", "bee blower"), new question("b", "Bees will not abandon the brood in the honey super", "Bee escapes used to remove bees from honey supers will not work well when: ", "a queen excluder is used on a hive", "brood is in honey supers", "it is cold", "the bee yard is located away from the beekeepers residence"), new question("a", "they form tight clusters when the temperature is below 57 degrees F.", "Which of the activities listed do not occur in a hive of honey bees as the environmental temperatures increase?", "the bees begin to form a tight cluster", "the bees collect water", "bees begin fanning at the entrance", "if too hot the bees will exodus from the nest"), new question("a", "Good healthy larva will always be white.", "Healthy larvae will be:?", "white", "brown", "yellow", "tan") );